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Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders
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Review: Diagnosis and treatment of paroxysmal dyskinesias revisited

Iris Unterberger

Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, iris.unterberger@ i-med.ac.at

Eugen Trinka

Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria

Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PDs) are a rare group of hyperkinetic movement disorders mainly characterized by their episodic nature. Neurological examination may be entirely normal between the attacks. Three main types of PDs can be distinguished based on their precipitating events - (i) paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesias (PKD), (ii) paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesias (PNKD) and (iii) paroxysmal exercise-induced (exertion-induced) dyskinesias (PED). The diagnosis of PDs is based on their clinical presentation and precipitating events. Substantial progress has been made in the field of genetics and PDs. Treatment options mainly include anticonvulsants and benefit of treatment is depending on the type of PD. Most important differential diagnosis are non-epileptic psychogenic, non-epileptic organic and epileptic attack disorders, especially nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy.

Key Words: paroxysmal dyskinesia • paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia • paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia • paroxysmal exercise-induced (exertion-induced) dyskinesia • epilepsy

Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders, Vol. 1, No. 2, 67-74 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/1756285608095119
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